RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes taxas de diluição seminal sobre a motilidade, velocidade e presença de anormalidades espermáticas no sêmen descongelado de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio). Utilizaram-se 20 machos sexualmente maduros, pertencentes ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (DNOCS). A partir do sêmen coletado, foi formado um total de nove pools. O sêmen de cada pool foi avaliado quanto à motilidade, velocidade e morfologia espermática antes e depois da criopreservação. A criopreservação seminal foi realizada em meio ACP-104 + DMSO 10% diluído em 1:1 ou 1:3 (sêmen:diluidor). As amostras foram envasadas em palhetas de 0,25mL, congeladas em vapor de nitrogênio líquido (caixa de poliestireno) e estocadas em nitrogênio líquido (-196 °C). Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre as taxas de diluições sobre os parâmetros cinéticos e morfológicos de sêmen descongelado de carpa comum. Entretanto, esses parâmetros apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) em relação ao sêmen fresco (controle). Baixos valores de velocidade foram registrados no sêmen descongelado (VCL 42,6-46,5μm/s; VSL 33,2-37,1μm/s; VAP 38,9-43,2μm/s); contudo, observaram-se motilidades acima de 59% (59,8-67,8%) e baixos índices de anormalidades espermáticas (19,3-19,5%), sugerindo que o ACP pode ser usado como um meio favorável à criopreservação do sêmen de carpa comum em qualquer uma das taxas de diluição testadas.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of various dilution ratios on thaw sperm motility, velocity and presence of spermatic abnormalities in the common carp. 20 males with three years of age, raised at the Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (DNOCS) were used. From the collected semen a total of nine pools were formed. The semen from each pool was evaluated for motility, velocity and spermatic morphology before and after cryopreservation. The sperm cryopreservation was performed in medium ACP-104 + DMSO 10% diluted in 1:1 or 1:3 (sperm:extender). The samples were loaded into 0.25mL straws, frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor (Styrofoam) and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the ratios of dilution on the kinetic and morphological parameters of thawed semen from common carp. However, these parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to fresh semen (control). Low velocity values were recorded in thawed semen (VCL 42.6-46.5μm/s; VSL 33.2-37.1μm/s; VAP 38.9-43.2μm/s), however, observed motility above 59% (59.8-67.8%), and low levels of spermatic abnormalities (19.3-19.5%) suggested that the ACP-104 can be used as a suitable medium for cryopreservation of common carp semen in any of the tested dilution ratios.

Abstract The objective of this paper was to use a thermodynamic analysis to find operational conditions that favor the production of hydrogen from steam and oxidative reforming of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). We also analyzed the performance of a catalyst precursor, LaNiO3, in order to compare the performance of the obtained catalyst with the thermodynamic equilibrium predictions. The results showed that it is possible to produce high concentrations of hydrogen from LPG reforming. The gradual increase of temperature and the use of high water concentrations decrease the production of coke and increase the formation of H2. The reaction of oxidative reforming of LPG was more suitable for the production of hydrogen and lower coke formation. Furthermore the use of an excess of water (H2O/LPG =7.0) and intermediate temperatures (973 K) are the most suitable conditions for the process.